Health Education Paper 2 WASSCE SC, 2023

Question 7

 

  1. State three differences between the endocrine gland and exocrine gland.
  2. Complete the table below by naming two examples of each of the glands in 7(a) and state one secretion of each.

           

 

Two examples of gland

One secretion of each gland

Endocrine gland

 

 

 

 

Exocrine gland

 

 

                                               

3.Name the three main types of neurons.

4.Give three examples of reflex actions

 

 

Observation

 

 

Majority of the candidates avoided this question.

In part (a), majority of the candidates could not differentiate between endocrine glands and exocrine glands.

In part (b), majority of the candidates were able to give two examples of exocrine and endocrine glands as well as the names of their secretions.

In par (c), majority of the candidates correctly named three types of neurons.

In part (d), majority of the candidates gave three examples of reflex actions.


The expected answers are:

  •             (a)        Differences between Endocrine gland and Exocrine gland

 

Endocrine gland

Exocrine gland

Secretes directly into the blood streams   

Secretes through duct
                                                       

Secretions affect target organs/tissues

Secretion acts directly on food substances                                      

Point of secretion/glands is far from target organs/tissues                                     

Point of secretion/glands not far from food substances                              

Secretes hormones                               

Does not secrete hormones             

Note: Differences must correspond to score
(b)      

 

Two examples of gland

One secretion of each gland

 

Endocrine gland

Thyroid
Pancreas
Adrenal
Ovary
Testis 
Pituitary       

thyroxin
insulin/glucagon
adrenalin
oestrogen/progesterone
testosterone
prolactin / Thyroid Stimulating Hormones (T.S.H)  / Growth hormone                         

 

Exocrine gland

Salivary gland
Gall bladder
Pancreas  
Sweat gland
Lacrimal gland
Mammary gland
Sebaceous gland             
                          

Saliva/salivary amylase
Bile
Pancreatic juice
Sweat
Tear
Milk
Sebum    

Note: Spelling of names must be correct to score 

(c)        Types of neurons

  • Sensory/afferent neurone
  • Motor/efferent neurone
  • Intermediate/association neurone/interneuron/relay neurone

 (d)      Examples of reflex actions/involuntary action

  • Blinking of eye
  • Jerking of knee
  • Salivation
  • Coughing
  • Heartbeat
  •  Withdrawing of body part /named from a hot object/named
  • Peristalsis
  • Secretion of glands
  • Yawning
  • Sneezing
  • Shivering
Breathing