Observation

Some candidates could not satisfactorily explain the types of bleeding listed. They were just writing about bleeding generally.
In (b), some candidates were spelling the names of the causative organisms poorly.

The expected answers are:

1. Explanation on types of bleeding
   1. arterial bleeding;
      • - This is bleeding that arises when the artery is damaged/cut/ruptured.
      • - It tends to spurt with each heartbeat
      • - Blood is bright red in colour
   2. venous bleeding;
      • - This is bleeding that arises when the vein is damaged/cut/ruptured.
      • - It tends to flow steadily.
      • - Blood is dark red in colour
   3. capillary bleeding.
      • - This is bleeding that arises from superficial abrasion/wounds.
      • - It oozes steadily
 
2. Causative organism of the following diseases
   1. cholera - Vibro cholerae/bacteria;
   2. syphilis - Treponema pallidum/Spirochaeta pallidum/bacteria;
   3. gonorrhea - Niesseria gonorrhoea/gonococcus/bacteria;
   4. tuberculosis - Bacillus tuberculosis/Mycobacterium tuberculosis /bacteria.