Health Education Paper 3 WASSCE (PC 2ND), 2020

Question 5

     

    The diagram below is a chart showing the number of tobacco smokers per year. Study it and
    answer questions 5(a) to 5(c).

    (a)Find the mean of tobacco smokers from 1984 to 1988.                                    [3 marks]

    (b) State four factors that could be responsible for the increase in the number of tobacco smokers from 1984 to 1986.             [4 marks]

    (c) ) State four factors that could be responsible for the decline in the number of tobacco smokers from 1986 to 1988.           [4 marks]

    (d) Name four health challenges associated with tobacco smoking.                                             [4 marks]

    (e) Name the:
    (i) organ;
    (ii) system,                                                                                                             [2 marks]

      in humans that would be affected by tobacco smoking.

        (iii) Mention three other structures associated with the organ named in 5(e)(i).    [3 marks

Observation

 

Many candidates scored low marks in 5(a), (b) and (c) due to errors in calculations. Many were able to answer
      5(d) and 5(e) correctly.

      The expected answers are:

       (a)  Mean of tobacco smokers from 1984 to 1988
Mean = Total number of tobacco smokers
Total number of years

= 2400 + 4000 + 5600 + 3200 + 1600                                   
5     

= 16,800                                                                                 
5

= 3,360                                                                                               

         (b)  Factors that could be responsible for the increase in the number of tobacco smokers from  
1984 to 1988

  • Ignorance/lack of awareness
  • Addiction
  • Advertisement/media
  • Availability
  • Affordability
  • Youthful exuberance/self image
  • Peer influence/ frustration/depression                                           

          (c)  Factors that could be responsible for the decline in the number of tobacco smokers from
1984 to 1988

  • Awareness/health education/campaign/enlightenment
  • Behavioural change
  • Cost/increased tariff
  • Legislative influence/ban/heavy restriction on importation
  • Perceived lower benefit                                                               

(d)  Health challenges associated with tobacco smoking

  • Low birth weight
  • Respiratory infection/named
  • Cancer/named
  • Congenital abnormalities/named
  • Heart diseases/named                                                                        

 

(e)  (i) Organ affected by tobacco smoking
Lungs                                                                                                                      

(ii) System affected by tobacco smoking
Respiratory                                                                                                   

(iii) Structures associated with the lung

  • Alveoli/Alveolus
  • Trachea/ windpipe
  • Bronchus/Bronchi
  • Bronchioles