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Question 6
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(a) Mention any three vassal states that El-kanemi of Borno could not win back from the Fulani Jihadists.
(b) Describe any four reforms carried out by El-kanemi in Borno |
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This was a straightforward but unpopular question. Many candidates who attempted it failed to mention Gombe, Hadejia, Katagun etc. in (a) and dwelt only on the general contributions of El-Kanemi before becoming the ruler of Borno in (b). This made them loss substantial marks. They were expected to give the following answers:
- Kukawa soon replaced Ngazargamu as the capital of Borno;
- He reformed the local courts and retained the court of appeal over which he presided;
- the security and peace which El-Kanemi promoted attracted foreign visitors such as Clapperton and Denham;
- El-Kanemi successfully established the supremacy of the Shehu Dynasty over the Saifawa;
- he encouraged inter-marriages between the Kanuri and other ethnic groups in Borno;
- he made Quranic education compulsory for all children, etc.
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