Candidates responded to this question wrongly. Many of the candidates cannot differentiate between upright and grand piano and this made them to lose substantial marks. Some of the following are the points expected from the candidates:

(a)        -           Distuning
                        -           Bad hammers
                        -           Worn-out strings
                        -           Broken strings
                        -           rusted-strings
                        -           Faulty pedals
                        -           Stiff keys
                        -           Collapsed sound-board
                        -           Cracked sound-board
                        -           Staff actions (Mechanism)
                        -           faulty case work
                        -           bad frame

(b)        -           By touch sensitivity (Response)
                        -           Use of pedals (soft and loud)
                        -           Use of external amplification
                        -           Opening of top cover

(c)        -           The upright piano has a vertical /diagonal sound board whereas grand
piano has a horizontal, flat sound-board.

•       The upright piano has a revertible direct action while the grand piano

has a slanted action.

•       In shape, the upright Piano is mostly rectangular while the grand Piano

is in various shapes.

•       The grand piano is usually louder in sound production than the upright

piano.

•       The combined tension on the strings is about 30 tons in Grand Piano

while on upright Piano it is 14 tons.