Observation

The question was very clear, precise and was well attempted. The question required the candidates to explain the terms in photography. The performance of the candidates was poor. Candidates were expected to provide the following answers to the question: 

• Fogging
• Undue exposure of light sensitive/photography/photo material to unwanted light.
• It could cause damage to the quality of the image.
• It can occur in films and printing paper.
• Fogging can be avoided by using safelight for printing in the darkroom.
• The darkroom should be light tight to avoid fogging.
• It can happen when a film is loaded in a bright environment.

• Overexposure
• This happens when images producing film/sensor are allowed to receive too much light during exposure.
• It occurs in printing when a photographic paper is allowed to receive too much light from the enlarger.
• It can also occur in printing when a photo paper is overexposed to light.
• Overexposed photo paper leads to dark prints.
• Overexposure leads to dense negative in traditional photography.
• Use of slow shutter speed with a wide aperture and a high ISO on a sunny day can cause overexposure.
• Overexposure leads to dense/dark negative/image.
• An over exposed paper produce dark print/image.

• Burning
• It is a darkroom process in traditional photography that allows more light on the overexposed part of the negative to produce a better print.
• It is carried out during printing.
• More intensity of light is allowed on the underexposed part of a negative to improve the quality of the image.
• It is a technique that can be used to create special effects on a print.
• A cardboard with a cut–out hole can be used to effect burning technique.
• It is carried out on the enlarger when a negative is being exposed unto a photo paper.

• Dodging
• It is a darkroom process/that allows in traditional photography.
• It is carried out during printing.
• It occurs when parts of a negative are shielded to reduce the intensity of light passing through because that part of the negative are overexposed.
• It can be used to create special effects.

• Focusing
• Focusing is the process of manipulating or turning the lens to achieve or attain sharpness in the appearance of the image being captured/photographed/exposed.
• It can be manually controlled by turning the focusing ring on the lens.
• It can also be automatically controlled electronically/Auto focusing.
• Focusing as a photographic process occurs both on the camera and the enlarger.

• Dodging
• It is a darkroom process/that allows in traditional photography.
• It is carried out during printing.
• It occurs when parts of a negative are shielded to reduce the intensity of light passing through because that part of the negative are overexposed.
• It can be used to create special effects.
• Focusing
• Focusing is the process of manipulating or turning the lens to achieve or attain sharpness in the appearance of the image being captured/photographed/exposed.
• It can be manually controlled by turning the focusing ring on the lens.
• It can also be automatically controlled electronically/Auto focusing.
• Focusing as a photographic process occurs both on the camera and the enlarger.