Question 2
(a) Explain the term sculpture.
(b) Describe the following tools:
(c) callipers;
(d) mallet;
(e) adze;
(f) chisel.
Observation
The candidates’ performance for this question was averagely good.They were expected to respond to the question thus:
(a) Sculpture
- It is a branch of fine art.
- It is a three dimensional type of art.
- It could be either casting, carving, modelling, construction or assemblage.
- It could be in relief or in-the round.
- It could be still/static or mobile/kinetic.
- Materials used include clay, wood, metal, marble, bronze and plaster of Paris.
- It is also applied to a model in clay which is later cast in bronze/cement/ candle/plaster of Paris.
- It involves both subtractive and additive methods but mainly subtractive method for carving stone, wood and ivory.
- It is an artistic form that represents a thing, person or idea.
(b) (i) Callipers
- A tool used mostly by sculptors to measure diameter, curved areas/parts of a figure/objects.
- A two legged curved pair like divider/scissors.
- It is also used by ceramist to measure diameter and circumference of wares.
- It is made of wood, metal or plastic.
- It can be made locally by the carpenter/blacksmith.
(ii) Mallet
- It is hard tool used in many of the arts and craft.
- It is notably used by sculptors.
- It is used to hit chisel and gorges while carving.
- It is also used by potter to break/smash dry clay.
- It is used in smoothening/straightening light metal sheets.
- It has a long wooden handle with big wooden/hard rubber head.
- Mainly used against wooden body.
- The wooden head can be round/square and must be smooth.
(iii) Adze
- It is a carving tool for cutting/shaping/trimming wood.
- It is a tool with metal blade and wooden handle.
- The metal blade is always at an angle to the handle.
- It is used to reduce the mass of wood into form.
- It is used along with mallet for carving.
(iv) Chisel
- It is a carving tool.
- It is used to shape wood/stone/metal into definite form.
- A tool with a sharp flat edge.
- It is used along with mallet for carving.
- It has long metal blade with metal/wood handle.