Question 3
(a) (i) Name five processes involved in the production of specimen G. [5 marks]
(ii) Mention two uses of specimen G. [2 marks]
(b) Give three ways in which specimen H is of importance to humans. [3 marks]
(c) State two functions of specimen J in its host. [2 marks]
(d) (i) Name one management practice that could be carried out on specimen J. [1 mark]
(ii) Give two reasons for carrying out the management practice named in 3(d)(i). [2 marks]
Observation
(a) Some candidates are not familiar with the processes involved in leather production.
(b) In Question 3(d), many candidates failed to identify castration as the management practice carried out on the testes as well as the reasons for carrying it out. Some candidates reasoned that castration is for reducing animal population or likened it to artificial insemination.
The expected answers include:
The expected answers include:
3. (a) (i) Processes involved in the production of Specimen G (Leather)
- Preservation (salting, drying or freezing)
- Soaking
- Liming
- Deliming
- Fleshing
- Splitting
- Pickling/salting
- Degreasing
- Washing
- Dyeing
- Tanning
- Neutralizing
- Withering
- Sorting
- Shaving
- Drying
- Softening/conditioning
- Finishing
(ii) Uses of Specimen G (Leather)
- Clothing
- Foot wear
- Furniture/upholstery
- Decoration
- Tools/handle of tools
- Bags/purses/wallet
- Belt
- Jewelries
- Sports equipment (football, gloves)
- Sheath/scabbard/book covers/cases
- Mats
- Musical instrument
(b) Importance of Specimen H (African giant land snail) to humans
- Serve as food
- Shell used in compounding feed
- Medicinal
- Religious purposes
- Used in cosmetic industry
- Hobby/leisure
- Ornamental purposes/decoration
- Shell used as an abrasive
- Research
- Source of foreign exchange
- Source of employment
- Liming of acidic soils
- Source of income
(c) Functions of specimen J (Testes of ruminant) in its host
- Synthesis of sperm cells
- Production of hormones (testosterone)
- Storage of sperm cells
- Release of sperm cells during ejaculation/coitus
- Regulation of reproductive functions
(d) (i) Management practice that could be carried out on specimen J (Testes of ruminant)
- Castration
(ii) Reasons for carrying out castration
- Removes male odour
- Prevents indiscriminate mating/unwanted breeding
- Enhances growth/fat deposit
- Makes male animals docile
- Improves taste of meat/improves meat quality
- Ease management