Observation

 

 

Majority of the candidates did so well in answering questions 4 (a) (i), (a) (ii) and (c) (i) but lost some marks to spelling mistakes.

Many candidates answered questions (b) and (c) (ii) properly.

The drawing of transverse section of specimen T was answered quite well by some candidates but most lost marks to avoidable mistakes like in the title of the drawing and labeling properly.

Questions (d) (i), (d) (ii), (e) (i), (e) (ii) and (e) (iii) were answered correctly by many candidates

            The expected answers are:

4 (a) Classification of specimens T, V and W according to

• Agricultural method

T- Fruit crop
V- Vegetable crop
W- Root tuber                                                                                               

• Life cycle

T- Perennial
V- Annual
W-Biennial     
                                                                                                          
(b) Ways Specimen W is important to human nutrition
- Source of food/starch/carbohydrate;
- Energy is produced;
- Used for industrial purpose/employment/source of income.                                                                                                                                                                                      
(c) (i) Type of placentation
Axile                                                                                                              

(ii) Example of a fruit with similar placentation
Garden egg; pepper; tomato or any other correctly named fruit.          

Drawing/Diagram of the Transverse section/TS/Cross section of specimen T/Orange/Lemon/Lime/or any other correctly named Citrus fruit

 TL- Title

                                                
Quality        
NL- Neat Labels                                            
CL- Clarity of Lines                                      
Sz- Size (10-12cm)                                         
Mg- Magnification (x½ – x2)                        

Details
CS- Cut surface with double lines
PS- Placenta shown
JS- Juice sac/succulent hair shown     

Labels
Epicarp; mesocarp; endocarp; placenta; seed                            

(d) (i) Observable differences between the cross section of specimens T/Orange and V/tomato

Specimen T/Orange/Orange/Lemon/Lime/Citrus fruit	Specimen V/Tomato
Few or no seeds	Many seeds present;
Bigger/larger seeds	Smaller seeds present;
Epicarp/ mesocarp are hard	Epicarp/ mesocarp are soft/juicy;
Epicarp is yellowish/greenish	Epicarp/ mesocarp is bright red;
Small placenta;	Big/large placenta;
Presence of succulent hairs in the endocarp	Juicy pulp/endocarp.

 

                         
(ii) Observable similarities between the cross section of specimens
T/Orange/Lemon/Lime/Citrus fruit and V/tomato

Both have fused epicarp and mesocarp;

Both have seeds/berry;

Both have succulent endocarp;

Both have axile placentation;

Both have are brightly coloured;

Both are spherical in shape.                                                                       

 

(e) (i) Observable differences between Specimens Xi and Xii

Xi	Xii
No node present	Node present
No internode	Internode present
Scale leaf/bark absent	Scale leaf/bark present
White wood/colour seen	Brown/Green stem

                                                                                                                                   
(ii) Difference to be noted
Xii will germinate while Xi will not germinate/will decay                                   

(iii) Reason
Xii  possesses axillary buds that will make it germinate but they were removed in Xi