This question was not popular among candidates and most candidates that attempted the question scored very low marks. The question required candidates to define    industrialization, outline any four reasons for the poor growth of the industrial sector of            their country and explain the term import substitution and export promotion. Most             candidates had no idea of what import substitution and export promotion meant and could           not expatiate their points in the (b) part of the question. Candidates were expected to answer thus to score maximum marks:

(b)        (i)         Inadequate domestic market and restricted access to foreign markets.
            (ii)        Inadequate and poor infrastructure.
            (iii)       Shortage of investment capital.
            (iv)       Inadequate expertise as well as skilled labour.
            (v)        Inadequate raw materials : locally - sourced as well as foreign - sourced
                        for many reasons.eg. neglect of agriculture.
            (vi)       Low level of technology.
            (vii)      Bad government policies – for instance monetary and fiscal policies.
            (viii)     Under- utilization of installed capacity.
            (ix)       Political instability/social unrest.
            (x)        Inadequate research and feasibility  studies
            (xi)       Preference for foreign goods/competition from abroad.       

(c)        (i)         Import substitution  -  This is a deliberate strategy of government aimed at
                        encouraging the domestic industries to produce goods and services which
                        were hitherto imported.
            (ii)        Export promotion  - This is undertaken to encourage the production of
                        commodities for export.  It is usually carried out to increase the revenue base
                        of the economy.