Observation

This question was popular among the candidates. The candidates who attempted it performed very well in section A but poorly in section B and scored low marks. However, some candidates deprived themselves good marks by misinterpreting section B. Candidates were expected to provide the following answers to the question.

1. A system of electing and replacing government
2. Popular participation by citizens in government
3. Protection of Fundamental Human Rights/enjoyment of Fundamental Human Rights
4. Practice of Rule of Law
5. Freedom of Assembly/Association
6. Freedom of speech, expression and choice
7. Protection of minority rights
8. Free, fair and periodic elections
9. Multi-party system
10. Existence of a constitution
11. Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances
12. Majority rule
13. A system that promotes accountability and transparency in governance
14. Existence of free press/Media plurality
15. Tolerance of opposition views/opinions
16. Supremacy of the constitution
17. Existence of institutions for the protection of human rights e.g. Ombudsman
18. Fixed/regulated tenure of office
19. Existence of independent judiciary
20. Existence of universal adult suffrage
21. Provision for constitutional amendment