Candidates’ performance was average. The question was popular among the candidates and it was well attempted by most of the candidates. However, some candidates found it difficult to state the exponents of Rock music to get good marks in the question. In order to score high marks in the question, candidates were expected to state some of the following points:
            (a) AFROBEAT
Characteristics:

• A fusion of highlife, soul, jazz and Nigerian traditional musical styles such as juju and fuji;
• It has highlife instrumentation;
• It has jazz rhythm and harmony;
• It is used as protest music;
• It is political and revolutionary in nature.

 

Exponents:      Fela Anikulapo, Femi Kuti, Hakeeb Kareem, Orlando Julius Ekemode,
            Seun Kuti, Alariwo, Dede Mabiaku.
Instruments Used : Trumpet, clappers, trombone, slit drum, guitars, gbedu,                                            Saxophone, Keyboard, Drum set, Conga, Sekere.
 (b) JAZZ
Characteristics:

• It is improvisational;
• Makes use of African rhythm;
• Makes use of syncopated rhythm;
• Deliberate deviations of pitch, use of original timbre.

Exponents:      Louis Armstrong, Beriga Banny, Miles Davies, Dizzy Gillespie, Duke                                 Ellington, Jerry Roll Morton, King Oliver, Glover Washington,   Huges Masekela, Hirbie Hancock, Kenny G, Dave Koves.
Instruments Used: Keyboard, Trombone, Drum set, Trumpet, Clarinet, Flute, Double                                        bass, Guitars, Saxophone, Horns.
           (c) BLUES
Characteristics:

• Embraces a variety of styles including country blues, boogie woogie, junk blues and classic blues;
• There is a standardized harmonic form known as 12-bar blues;
• It makes use of call and response and falsetto break in the vocal style;
• It makes use of more of string instrument;
• It makes use of blue notes.

Exponents:      Bessie Smith, W. C. Handy, Ray Charles, Billie Holiday, John Lee                                     Hooker, Alberta Hunter, B. B. King, Wynton Marsalis, Muddy Waters.                        
Instrument Used: Keyboard, Trombone, Drum set, Trumpet, Clarinet, Flute, Double                                         bass, Guitars, Saxophone.
(d) REGGAE
Characteristics:

• A Caribbean contemporary music;
• A hybrid folksong genre that combines African music tradition with calypso;
• It is used as protest music;
• It deals with rastafarianism;
• It is mostly based on the call and response concept;
• It involves a lot of energy;
• The leading instruments are drums and bass guitar;
• Rhythmically it stresses 2nd and 4th beats.

Exponents: Jimmy Cliff, Bob Marley, Roberta Vista Marley, Peter Tosh, Lucky                                    Dubbie, Alpha Blondy, Majek Fashek, Tera Kota, Ras Kimono, Orits   Wiliki, Daddy Shokey, Evna Ogoli-Ogosi, Blakky, Afro Moses.
Instrument Used: Keyboard, Trombone, Drum set, Trumpet, Clarinet, Bass Guitars,                                         Saxophone.
(e) ROCK:
Characteristics:

• Simple tunes and strong beats;
• It originated as rock and roll;
• It was made popular during the 1950s
• It incorporates blues form (12 bars blues musical structure).

Exponents: Elvis Presley, Carlos Santana, Little Richard, Bob Dyland, Chuck Berry, Jimi Hendrix.                                                                                                          Instrument Used: Keyboard, Drum set, Guitars, Synthesizer, Saxophones and                                                     Trumpets.