This question was attempted by many candidates and the candidates’ performance was poor.  In part (a) many candidates wrote wrong answer for what is artificial respiration such as the normal breathing in and out of O2 and CO2, while some candidates wrote inspiration and expiration in place of artificial respiration?  In part (b), candidates wrote out of context such as mouth to mouth, mouth to nose, Schaffer’s, Holger Nielson and Silvester.

The expected answers were as follows:

1.(a)     Artificial respiration
-           A method of forcing oxygen/air into the body
-           to revive/resuscitate a victim    OR
-           a manual method of helping a victim of
asphyxia/respirator/mechanical/ explained to breathe;
-           when he is unable to do so/when normal breathing stopped
-           the unnatural method of forcing air in and out of the lungs
-           when natural breathing is difficult.

  (ii)   Principles of artificial respiration

• keep victim in a comfortable position/explained
• stop bleeding if there is any
• keep the victim in an airy place
• remove tight fittings around the chest to free the passage of air
• decide on a convenient method to use/mention

clear air passage way/explained