Observation

This question was attempted by majority of the candidates and their performance was good. In part (a) majority of the candidates were

able to name the diagram A and B. In part (b) (i)they did well in it. In part (b)(ii) some of the candidates were unable to state

disadvantage of type of the toilets in the illustrated diagram. In part (c) some candidates could not name contagious diseases that

could be contacted through the toilet represented in diagram B to humans, some mentioned toilet diseases, malaria e.t.c. In part (d)

many candidates answered it correctly.

The expected answers are as follow:



1. Diagrams A and B



A - water closet.




B - bucket/pail latrine.




2. 1. Advantage of Diagram A

      
      
      • very hygienic/easy to clean.
      
      
      • very convenient/suitable for use.
      
      

      Advantage of Diagram B

      
      
      • not expensive to construct
      
      
      • little or no amount of water is required.
      
      

   2. Disadvantage of Diagram A

      
      
      • very expensive to construct.
      
      
      • it generates foul/offensive odour, if not flushed.
      
      
      • larger amount of water is required.
      
      

   Disadvantage of Diagram B

   • diseases can be easily transmitted.
   
   
   • generates foul odour when it is full.
   
   
   • habour pests.
   
   

3. Contagious Diseases that can be transmitted through toilet illustrated in diagram B
   • dysentery;
   
   
   • food poisoning.
   
   
   • gastro enteritis.
   
   
   • typhoid.
   
   
   • cholera.
   
   
   • yeast infection.
   
   
   • named.
   
   
4. Ways of maintaining hygiene of toilet illustrated in diagram B
• regular washing;


• regular use of antiseptics/disinfectant;


• cover the opening with lid all the time;


• regular disposal of faeces.