Observation

This was a very popular question and well attempted. The candidates were expected to discuss how Sokoto Jihad affected Nigeria in the 19th century. A good number of the candidates responded correctly but with minimal explanation while some did not understand the question and provide answers that contradicted the actual effect. Candidates were expected to mention the following points in order to get good marks.

(i)         The Jihad created one single state out of many competing ones.
(ii)        It led to the fall of some states and dynasties e.g. Saifawa dynasty, Old Oyo Empire, Hausa Habe dynasties.
(iii)       The Jihad led to the emergence of Shehu dynasty founded by El-kanemi who later became the ruler of Borno.

(iv)       Emergence of Emirate system in Northern Nigeria.
(v)        It aided the spread of Islam.
(vi)       It promoted trading activities in Hausa land.
(vii)      It intensify slave raiding/trade.
(viii)     It led to economic decline in some areas.
(ix)       It led to the spread of Arabic literacy and establishment of Arabic schools.
(x)        Introduction of sharia legal system.
(xi)       Emergence of new states in Hausa land.