Observation

The question was not attempted by most of the candidates. The performance was poor from the few that attempted it.  The candidates were expected to provide the following answers in order to score good marks:

(a)        -           Direct flash;
-           Diffused flash;
-           Bounce flash;
-           Fill – in flash.

(b)        (i)         Direct flash technique
In direct flash technique, the flash head is facing/pointing at the subject.                        

(ii)        Diffused flash technique
The flash head is pointed away from the subject unto a diffuser i.e. umbrella or light box to produce a soft light.

(iii)       Bounce flash technique
This is a flash technique in which the flash is reflected off a ceiling or wall, usually white, towards the subject to produce a pleasing effect with little or no shadows. It is used to eliminate red eye effect.        

(iv)       Fill – in flash technique
This technique is achieved by reducing the power output of the flash to reduce /eliminate shadows while shooting outdoor on sunny days.