TThis was not a popular question among the candidates and their performance was poor.  In part (a) many candidates could not correctly state the difference between strain and sprain, the candidate wrote wrong answers such as when you have dislocation, when you tear your ligament, when you suffer shock as strain, candidates also wrote wrong answers such as when you hit you face on something and it swells, having chest pain, and bruise and having internal bleeding that may damage blood vessels.  In part (b), few candidates managed to describe the procedure for administering first aid to a victim of sprain while some other went of the track.
In part (c) few candidates attempted the question and wrote wrong answers such as cerebrum, cortex medulla oblongata and cerebellum as component parts of the reflex arc.
However, the expected answers were as follows:                                                                          
8(a)      DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRAIN AND SPRAIN

• A strain is the overstretching of a muscle                  

While

• A sprain is the wrenching/tearing of the ligaments and tissues at a joint 

 

  (b)      DESCRIPTION PROCEDURE FOR ADMINISTERING FIRST AID                             TO A VICTIM OF SPRAIN

• rest and support the affected joint in the most comfortable position for the victim
• carefully expose the joint
• apply pressure over the joint/apply cold compress
• do not remove shoes/boots if the sprain occurs at the ankle
• immobilize the affected part with splints
• apply hot fomentation take victim to the hospital

  (c)      COMPONENT PARTS OF THE REFLEX ARC

• sense organ/target organ
• sensory/afferent nerve
• spinal cord
• motor/efferent nerve
• connector/intermediate nerve
• ventral root
• dorsal root
• ganglion
• grey matter
• white matter
• synapse