Observation

 

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was poor.  Many candidates avoided the question.  Few attempted it. 

In part (a) (i) candidates wrote wrong answers such as the joining of combining two bones together to form one, a muscle or instrument that links many bones together, in (ii) candidates also wrote wrong answers such as bones or joints e.g. femur, ball and socket, clavicle and pelvis as muscle that flexes the elbow joint, and in (iii) only few candidates wrote correct answers, others wrote wrong answers such as spinal cord, cerebrum, frontal and occipital.

In part (b) candidates could not correctly describe a reflex action.

The expected answers are as follows:

7(a) (i)   JOINT

• a joint is a point/place where two or more bones meet.

(ii)    THE MAIN MUSCLE THAT FLEXES THE ELBOW JOINT

• biceps/biceps brachilis
• biceps brachii                                           

 (iii)     THE PART OF THE BRAIN THAT CONTROLS RESPIRATION

• medulla oblongata                                                                                                 

(iv)   TYPES OF BLOOD CIRCULATION THAT  TAKES PLACE BETWEEN THE HEART AND THE LUNGS
The pulmonary circulation           

b.  REFLEX ACTION

• a sensory neurone with receptors responds to appropriate stimulus
• impulse is sent through the afferent/sensory nerves to the spinal cord
• in the central nervous system (CNS) the impulse is transferred through the synapse
• to inter connecting/relay neurone from which it passes through its own action
• the motor efferent organ then takes it to the effector organ
• the effector organ responds to the stimulus.

     Note :  No diagram is required.