Observation

Few candidates responded to this question.

In part (a), majority of the candidates could not explain the term ergogenic aid.

In part (b), few candidates attempted this question and their overall performance in it was below average.

The expected answers are as follow:
a)         Definition of ergogenic aid
It is any substance/ named which is used to enhance sports performance.
                                                                        OR
Mechanical, Nutritional, pharmacological, physiological and Psychological tools that athletes use to increase energy.
                                                                        OR
Any means to delay fatigue and hasten recovery during sports activities.                                                                            
    (b)    Causes of muscle cramps

• Excessive loss of sweat / dehydration
• Lack of vitamin B
• Low level of sodium and potassium in the body
• Over use of the muscles
• Low blood supply to the muscles
• Drug abuse /misuse
• Lack of proper warm up
• Medical conditions such as pregnancy, alcoholism, kidney failure etc.

  (c)      Effects of exercise on the respiratory system

• Breathing rate increases
• Rate of oxygen consumption increases
• Respiratory organs are strengthened
• Oxygen supply to the muscles increases
• Diaphragm is strengthened
• Efficient removal of carbon dioxide
• It improves breakdown of glycogen
• It delays onset of fatigue / release of lactic acid
• Heart and pulse rate increase/ immediate effect on the heart