This question was poorly attempted by the candidates. In 4(a), majority of the candidates were able to identify specimens Q(Roundworm) and R(Tick). But in 4(b-c), most of the candidates could neither mention a mode of transmission for specimens Q(Roundworm) and R(Tick) to animals nor state the effects of specimen Q(Roundworm) on rabbits. Finally, although, majority of the candidates were able to name the part of the body of an animal from which specimens Q(Roundworm) and R(Tick) could be found, most of them could not
state the ways in which specimen R(Tick) is of economic importance to livestock production as required in 4(d) and (e) respectively.
The expected answers include:
4 (b) Modes of transmission for Specimens Q (Roundworm) and
R (Tick) to animals
Specimen Q (Roundworm)
- Eggs are picked up by animals during feeding/grazing on pasture
- Drinking of water contaminated with the eggs of the parasite
- Prenatal infection(migration of larvae from the placenta to the foetus)
- Through contaminated milk
Specimen R (Tick)
- Direct body contact between infested and non-infested animals
- Grooming tools/equipment contaminated with the eggs of tick
- Through infected paddock/pen
(c) Effects of Specimen Q (Roundworm) on rabbit
- Retarded growth/runt
- Constipation
- Emaciation/loss of weight/Unthriftiness/poor body condition
- Anaemia
- Weakness
- Bloated stomach/stomach discomfort
- Loss of appetite/anorexia
- Diarrhoea/stooling
- Restlessness
- Damage of body tissues
- Vomiting with visible worms/vomiting
- Death in cases of serious infestation
(e) Ways in which Specimen R (Tick) is of economic importance
- Loss of farmer’s income due to death of animal/low productivity
- Increases cost of production
- Reduces the quality of the animal products (milk, meat, hide etc)/damage
to hide, wool or hair
- Carrier of diseases-causing organisms /vectors/transmission of diseases such as babesiosis, theileriosis, heartwater
- Reduces the quantity of animal products (slow/stunted growth, reducedmilk production.
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