Agriculture Paper2, Aug-Sept 2018

Question 1

(a)        State four differences between freehold and leasehold land tenure systems.       (4 marks)
(b)        Highlight three aims of the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA).    (3 marks)
(c)        Give six reasons why agriculture has not been fully mechanized in West Africa. (6 marks)
(d)       Mention five precautions that should be taken when using a knapsack sprayer.   (5 marks)

Observation

Question 1 was the most popular among candidates.

     (a) Majority of candidates were able to differentiate between freehold and leasehold land tenure
           systems as well as give reasons why agriculture has not been fully mechanized in West Africa.
     (b) In Question 1 (b), many candidates displayed lack of understanding of the aims of ILCA
           and responses were poor. Furthermore, many candidates in Question 1(d) were mentioning the
           maintenance practices of the knapsack sprayer instead of the precautions taken while using it;
           thus losing marks.

The expected answers include:

1.(a) Differences between freehold and leasehold land tenure systems

Freehold land tenure system	Leasehold land tenure system
- Total acquisition of land for a fee	- Temporary use of land for a stated period of time
- Land can be used as collateral for loan	- Land cannot be used as collateral for loan
- Permanent crops can be grown on the land	- Permanent crops cannot be grown on the land
- Permanent farm buildings and structures can be constructed on the land	- Permanent farm buildings and structures cannot be constructed on the land
- The original owner loses the right of ownership of the land to the buyer	- The original owner (leasor) does not lose the right of ownership of the land to the leasee
- Complete freedom on the use of land/can be inherited/transferred/sold	- Restriction on use of land

(b)        Aims of the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA)

Promote the rearing of animals within Africa
Breed animals that are resistant to pests/control
Breed animals that are resistant to diseases/control
Breed animals that mature early/fast growth rate
Breed animals with high quality products e.g. meat, milk, eggs, hide and skin
Breed animals with high production capabilities
Breed animals that can adapt to the climate in Africa
Promote the nutritional quality of livestock feeds

Land fragmentation issues/small farm holdings/ land tenure system
Nature/type of farming system practiced
High cost of farm machinery
Scarcity of machine spare parts
Varied soil types
Inadequate extension services
Inadequate storage facilities
Inadequate finance
Poor/inadequate access roads/ infrastructures in rural areas
High cost of maintenance of farm machines
Poor market structure to encourage large scale production
Low level of technical knowledge of farm machinery
Inadequate processing facilities
Topography/terrain
Underutilization of farm machines

(d) Precautions that should be taken when using a knapsack sprayer

Wear protective clothing e.g., goggles and nose mask
Do not spray when it is windy
Do not spray when it is sunny
Direct spray away from the body
Do not blow blocked nozzles with the mouth
Do not eat, drink or smoke during or shortly after spraying
Wash body thoroughly after spray
Adhere to manufacturer’s instructions
Do not spray when it is raining

Agriculture Paper 2, WASSCE (PC 2ND), 2021

Observation