Observation

(a) This question was quite popular among candidates. Most candidates could name the food nutrients obtained from the specimens.

(b) Some candidates could state the functions of protein but were unable to state the functions of fats and oil while few candidates mixed up the functions of the two nutrients.

(c) Majority of the candidates were unable to give the disadvantages of using blood meal in compounding livestock feed. Some candidates listed the characteristics of blood meal.

The expected answers include:

4. (a) Main food nutrients obtainable from specimens Q (Bone meal) and S (Catfish)

Specimen Q (Bone meal)
- Calcium

Specimen S (Catfish)
- Protein
- Fats and oil

(b) Functions of the main nutrients obtainable from specimen S (Catfish)
Protein
- For growth and body building
- Repair of damaged tissues
- Replacement of worn out body tissues
- Synthesis of enzymes, hormones and other body fluids
- Formation of animal products such as milk, eggs, wool, fur, feather

Fats and oil
- For insulation/conservation of body heat
- Act as carriers of fat soluble vitamins/solvent for vitamins A, D, E and K
- Protects organs such as intestines, kidneys
- Source of energy
- Medicinal
- Provision of essential fatty acids

(c) Farm animals from which specimens Q (Bone meal) could be obtained
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Goat
- Pig
- Rabbits
- All classes of poultry

(d) Disadvantages of using the ingredient prepared from dried animal blood (blood meal) in compounding livestock feed
- Could be a source of disease infection
- Invites a lot of flies
- Has low palatability
- Easily contaminated/adulterated
- Poor storage ability
- Repulsive odour