Observation

 

(c) A child with blood group O was born to a mother of blood group A.

(i) What is the blood group genotype of the child?

[1 marks]

(ii) What are the possible blood group genotypes of the father?

[3 marks]

(d) State three reasons why genetic variation is important to plants.

[3 marks]

This was the most popular question answered by candidates as per it is on conservation and variation.

A few candidates were able to define endangered species while others showed little knowledge about it.

Candidates could not really give a good answer to (c) and (d).

The expected answers are:

(a) (i) Challenges that make the conservation of resources difficult

- Limited land area for development leads to the rapid destruction of the natural forest;

- Over grazing/over fishing;

- Poaching/ killing of endangered species;

- Bush burning/poor farming methods;

- Over cultivation of land;

- High demand for timber that has resulted in the felling of trees/indiscriminate cutting of trees for firewood;

- Damming of rivers for hydro-electricity and irrigation has resulted in the alteration of the ecosystem;

- Lack of awareness of the populace and policy makers of the need for conservation/lack of education;

- Improper enforcement of existing laws/poor leadership;

- Forest fire.

- Inadequate funding in conservation.

- Lack of international/local cooperation on conservation.

- Illegal/unlawful exploitation of minerals..

(ii) Ways by which Government ensures the conservation of resources.

- Creation of parks/gardens/wildlife/zoo/reserves.

- Putting in place a chemical and toxic waste dump programmes to avoid water pollution.

- Enactment of conservation laws.

- Enforcement of conservation laws.

- Creating awareness/education through the media.

- Establishment of conservation fund.

- Training of conservation personnel/employing experts to manage natural resources;

- Establishing local and international cooperation.

- Aforestation/planting of trees.

(b) Endangered species
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Species whose population has become so small; that it can completely be wiped out/become extinct; if not properly managed.

(c)

(i) Genotype of child

Species whose population has become so small; that it can completely be wiped out/become extinct; if not properly managed. (c)

(i) Genotype of child

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Species whose population has become so small; that it can completely be wiped out/become extinct; if not properly managed.

(c)

(i) Genotype of child

>>>>>>> 7f340c9d35df42b552af1c9bae5ef8379ef4f964

OO

(ii)

Genotype of the father

OO; AO; BO

(d)

Importance of genetic variation to plants

- It enables plants to spread to colonies/new areas

- It may enable plants to survive harsh/adverse conditions/environments

- It may enable plants to be resistant to diseases

- It gives rise to varieties of desirable plant species

- It makes plants produce better fruits/yield;

<<<<<<< HEAD

It makes plants produce early yield.

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It makes plants produce early yield.

>>>>>>> 7f340c9d35df42b552af1c9bae5ef8379ef4f964