Observation

• This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was poor. In part (a)(i) majority of the candidates could not correctly state where digestive enzymes are produced and their functions. In part (b) they did not do well in it. In part (c) many candidates correctly named structures of the female reproductive system.

  The expected answers are as follows: 

  7. (a) (i)  COMPLETED TABLE

  DIGESTIVE SCRETION	WHERE PRODUCED	MAJOR COMPONENT	ONE FUNCTION OF EACH COMPONENT
  Saliva	Salivary gland / Mouth	Salivary amylase	Digests cooked starch/converts starch to maltose
  Gastric juice	Stomach / Gastric wall / Cells	Water	It aids digestion/enzymes actions
  Bile	Liver	Bile salt	Emulsifies fats/absorption of vitamin K/Neutralises acidic medium
  Pancreatic juice	Pancreas	Mineral salt	Help to increase alkalinity in the intestine
  Intestinal juice	Small intestine	Sucrase	Splits sucrose into glucose and galactose

  1 mark for each column 1x10 = 10marks

  (ii)  FUNCTIONS OF FATS IN HUMANS                      

  • source of energy
  • source of heat / keeps the body warm / insulator
  • rounds off angular contours of the body/provide shape 
  • it protects delicate organs in the body
  • solvent of fat soluble vitamins

  (b) FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER

  • produces blood cells in early life
  • secretion of bile
  • storage of glycogen
  • deamination/breakdown of protein with  the formation of urea
  • production of plasma protein (albumin and globulin)           
  • desaturation of fats
  • production / storage of vitamins and iron
  • production of heat
  • destruction of various toxic substances and drugs/detoxification
  • production of heparin/prothrombin/fibrinogen
  • stores blood temporarily
  • regulates blood sugar / converts glycogen to glucose
  • destroys old red blood cells

  (c) STRUCTURES OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 

  • ovaries
  • fallopian tubes/oviduct
  • uterus/womb
  • cervix
  • vagina
  • clitoris
  • vulva