Question 3
(a)        Mention  any three ethnic groups in Nigeria.
        (b)        Identify any four ways in which geography influenced human activities in  pre-colonial  societies in Nigeria.
Observation
This was a popular question. The section A was correctly answered by the candidates who attempted the question. However, in section B candidates could not establish the relationship between geography and human activities, some of them did not understand ‘human activities’ while others failed to determine what made up geography within the context of the question. The relevant points which ought to have been discussed are listed below.
(a)
(i)         Hausa;             (x) Urhobo;                 (xix) Idoma;                (xxviii)Angas;
    (ii)        Fulani;             (xi)  Edo;                      (xx) Tiv;                      (xxix)Katab/Kataf;
    (iii)       Yoruba;           (xii)  Isoko;                  (xxi) Nupe;                  (xxx) Birom;
    (iv)       Igbo;                (xiii)  Ibibio;                 (xxii) Gwari/Gbagyi;  (xxxii) Jukun;
    (v)        Ijaw/Izon;        (xiv) Efik;                   (xxiii)   Kanuri;            (xxxii)  Batta.
    (vi)       Itsekeri            ;           (xv) Igala;                   (xxiv) Chamba;           
    (vii)      Mumuye ;        (xvi) Margi;                 (xxv) Jarawa ;
    (viii)     Tangale ;         (xvii) Ningawa;           (xxvi) Dukawa ;
    (ix)       Bussawa ;        (xviii) Bariba/Ibari ;    (xxvii) Ebira/Igbira ;
(b)        (i)         Geography  influenced the production of food crops e.g. cereals, root crops                                                 such  as yam, cocoyam, cassava.
    (ii)        It also influenced the rearing of  animals such as cattle, sheep, goats etc.
    (iii)       Areas that had mineral deposits engaged  in mining activities e.g. Tin Ore in                                   Jos and iron in various  parts of Nigeria.
    (iv)       It influenced cash crop production.
    (v)        It also influenced the mode of  transportation among the various groups of                                      people  in Nigeria.
    (vi)       It influenced the occupation of the  people.
    (vii)      It also affected the religious beliefs and  practices of the people.
    (viii)     It influenced the system of political  organization.
    (ix)       It affected the external relationship of  the people.
    (x)        It also affected social life of the  people.
    (xi)       It influenced military formation and the  offensive and defensive strategies                                     adopted by the people.
    (xii)      It influenced the trade pattern.