(a) Most respondent candidates were not able to define correctly principal focus for a
diverging lens and principal axis.
(b) Relatively few candidates succeeded in stating the required situation under which
the speed of light can change. Many of them failed to realize that the speed
changes as light travels from one medium to another of different optical densities.
(c) Most candidates messed up with their responses on this numerical on astronomical telescope in normal adjustment. This state of affairs could readily be ascribed to the effect of rote-learning as candidates reactions showed lack of proper understanding of the concept. The sketching of the ray diagram was a mirage.
The expected answers are:
(a)(i) This is a point on the principal axis to which all rays parallel and close to the
principal axis appear to diverge after refraction / passing through the lens.
(ii) This is a line joining the centre of curvature (principal focus) of the lens to
the optical centre.
(b) When the light travels from one medium to another of different refractive
index/optical density.
(c) Angular magnification= fo
fe
fo + fe = 35
8fe + fe = 35
9fe = 35
fe = 3.89 cm
fo = 35 – 3.89
= 31.11 cm
1 = 1 + 1
fe u v
1 = 1 + 1
3.89 u -30
1 = 1 + 1 = 30 + 3.89
u 3.89 30 116.7
u = 116.7
33.89
= 3.44cm
New separation of lenses = 3.44 + 31.11 = 34.55cm
Parallel rays incident on objective lens
Correct position of real image formed by objective lens
Virtual image formed close to the objective lens
(iii)
