Observation

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was good.  In part(a)(i) candidates correctly suggested the disease associated with symptoms of watery stool, vomiting and dehydration, in (ii) candidates also stated the causative agent of the disease, in (iii) candidates correctly suggested ways through which the sick people could have been infected, in (iv) candidates correctly stated ways of preventing the disease and in (v) candidates could not correctly say the term used to describe the disease considering its rapid spread in the village. In part (b) candidates correctly named non-African pioneers in health.  In part (c) candidates also correctly mentioned methods of disinfecting lavatories in homes and in part (d) candidates correctly stated road signs displayed on major roads for road users.

The expected answers however are as follows:

(a)(i)   DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR SYMPTOMS

         -  cholera

NB: spelling must be correct to score

    (ii)    CAUSATIVE AGENT OF THE DISEASE

• Bacteria/vibro cholerae 

            NB: spelling must be correct to score                                         

   (iii)    WAYS THROUGH WHICH THE SICK PEOPLE COULD HAVE BEEN
INFECTED

             -    infected food
-    infected fruits/vegetables
-    infected water                                             

   (iv)    WAYS OF PREVENTING SUCH A DISEASE

• make use of clean/treated water
• isolation of infected person
• mass vaccination should be encouraged
• quarantine should be carried out on people going out and people from cholera zone
• good sanitation measure should be encouraged
• defecate in the latrine or pit rather than bushes and water
• wash food, fruit and vegetables before eating
• avoid contamination of food by insects/cover all foods

   (v)    TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE DISEASE CONSIDERING ITS RAPID
SPREAD IN THE VILAGE

• Epidemic

           NB: spelling must be correct to score                                         

  (b)    NON- AFRICAN PIONEERS IN HEALTH

• William Harvey
• Edward Jenner
• Louis Pasteur
• Anthony  Van Leeuwenhoek
• Sir Joseph Lister
• Sir Ronald Ross
• Sir Patrick Manson
• Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins
• Sir Robert Koch
• Sir Alexander Fleming

                     
(c)    METHODS OF DISINFECTING LAVATORIES IN HOMES

• use of boiling water to wash water closet
• use of disinfectants/antiseptics/named
• fresh air/cross ventilation provided
• use hot air/steam in water closet
• use fire in pit latrine
• allow sunlight to prevent bacteria development

                                                                                     
(d)      ROAD SIGNS DISPLAYED ON MAJOR ROADS FOR ROAD USERS  

• road diversion sign on sign post
• road direction sign on sign post
• speed ramps/bombs/breaks sign on sign post
• speed limits sign on sign post
• sharp bend/curves sign on sign post
• zebra/pedestrian crossing sign on sign post
• narrow bridge sign on sign post
• railway crossing sign on sign post