Observation

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was good.  In part (a)(i) and (ii) candidates correctly mentioned organs protected by the skull and ribs.  In part (b) (i) candidates correctly stated benefits of eating balanced diet, in (ii) candidate correctly stated effects of over – eating in humans and in (iii) candidates also correctly stated effects of under-eating in humans.  In part (c) candidates could not correctly state features of the thoracic vertebra.  In part (d) candidates correctly stated possible problems that can affect a family.

However, the expected answers are as follows:

 

3(a)(i)      ORGANS PROTECTED BY SKULL

1. brain
2. eyes
3. ears

                                     

 (ii)       ORGANS PROTECTED BY RIBS

1. heart
2. lungs
3. liver
4. stomach

                                 
(b)(i)   BENEFITS OF EATING BALANCED DIET

1.  improves growth/development/repair of tissue
2.  prevent diseases/improves immunity
3.  healthy looking
4.  Provides energy
5.  Prevents malnutrition/provide nutrients to the body
6.  Proper functioning of body organs/promote long life

 

                               
(ii)    EFFECTS OF OVER-EATING

1. leads to obesity/over weight
2. dyspepsia/indigestion
3. uncomfortable/stomach pain/upset
4. constipation

 

                                                      
(iii)   EFFECTS OF UNDER-EATING

1. leads to malnutrition
2. disease set-in/low resistance to disease/named correct disease
3. loss of weight/poor growth
4. lack of energy/general body weakness/                                     

 

 
(c)      FEATURES OF THE THORACIC VERTEBRA

 

1. possession of long neural spine
2. presence of neural arch
3. presence of neural canal
4. possession of large centrum
5. possession of tuberculum facet
6. possession of long  transverse process
7. possession of anterior articular facet
8. possession of capitulum facet

                                                           
(d)       POSSIBLE PROBLEMS IN A FAMILY

1. death
2. ill health/disease
3. poverty/poor nutrition/poor shelter/inability to provide basic needs
4. divorce/broken home
5. separation
6. migration
7. loss of job
8. dispute/conflict/lack of understanding amongst family members
9. poor parenting
10. barrenness

extended family intrusion.