Observation

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was very poor.  In part (a) candidates could not state ways of controlling infectious diseases in humans.  In part (b) candidates could not correctly draw and label fully a cervical vertebra.  In part (c) candidates could not explain naturally acquired immunity, artificially acquired immunity and morbidity rate.

The expected answers are as follows:

2(a)      WAYS OF CONTROLLING INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN HUMANS

1. vaccination of the infected person
2. isolation of infected person/avoid overcrowding/good ventilation provided
3. quarantine in the case of person’ from another country/region
4. room/materials of infected person should be disinfected/proper disposal of all disposables
5. materials used by the infected person should be personalised/not shared
6. people living with infected person should observe personal hygiene to avoid transfer of disease
7. balanced diet should be given to the patient/infected person
8. environment/surroundings should always be kept clean
9. avoid self-medication in the treatment of infected person.

                                      
(b)       DIAGRAM OF A FULLY LABELLED CERVICAL VERTEBRA

         NB: Spellings of labels must be correct to score

                                            2 neural spines shown (NS)

1. Accuracy

                                            2 vertebrateral canals  (VC)

                                                             Ruled guide lines (RL)

1. Quality of drawing

                                                            Lines nor woolly or broken (CL)

(c)       EXPLANATION OF HEALTH TERMS

(i)  NATURALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

                     When one’s body produces antibodies, which remain to combat any diseases or
reoccurrence of such a disease in the future.

          (ii)    ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

                    This is obtained by means of inoculation/vaccination and the body respond by
producing antibodies to fight against the diseases in the future.

        (iii)      MORBIDITY RATE

                     Is the number of specified diseases/death in a particular time/year, in a particular
Country