Observation

This was a popular question. The performance of candidates that attempted the question was poor as they didn’t understand the demands of the question. They are to provide the following points in order to score good marks.

(i)         Fulani Jihadists were only mainly after war booty and slaves.
(ii)        Borno soldiers were steadfast in defending their Empire.
(iii)       It possessed superior weapons than the jihadists.
(iv)       Borno army was well organized.
(v)        The Fulani army was based on conscription who often returned to their homes after any war.
(vi)       The military leadership of El-Kanemi was superior to that of the Fulani army.
(vii)      The Borno peasants were loyal to their rulers and therefore supported El-Kanemi.
(viii)     Series of correspondence by El-Kanemi weakened the justification of the Fulani jihad in Borno.
(ix)       El-Kanemi had the services of some European travellers e.g Denham who was around during the jihad.