Question 7
- Mention Five determinants of health in humans. [5 marks]
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- What is lymph? [3 marks]
- State three functions of lymph in the body.[3 marks]
- State two differences between venous bleeding and arterial bleeding. [4 marks]
- Mention five causes of non-infectious diseases. [5 marks]
Observation
The candidates that attempted this question did not do satisfactorily well as they were not concise with their responses.
The expected answers are:
- Determinants of Health in humans
- - heredity
- - environment
- - nutrition/balanced diet
- - culture
- - age
- - gender/sex
- - educational level/knowledge
- - socio-economic status
- - sleep/rest/relaxation
- - exercise
- - regular medical check-up
- - personal hygiene/life style
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- Definition of Lymph It is a clear/colourless fluid that travels/circulates through the lymphatic system, it is similar in composition to tissue fluid, contains extra lymphocytes but devoid of erythrocytes.
- Functions of Lymph
- - It absorbs and carries fats from villi to the blood/body tissues
- - It filters/localizes/destroys bacteria in the lymph nodes
- - It is lymphocytic/produces antibodies
- - It removes interstitial fluid from tissues
- - It transports white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes into the bones
- - It transports antigen-presenting cells e.g. dendritic cells to the lymphnodes
- Differences between venous and arterial bleedings
Venous bleeding Arterial bleeding - blood comes out in a steady flow blood oozes out in jets/spurts - Blood is dark red in colour blood is bright red in colour - Pressure is low pressure is high - Blood contains more CO2 blood contains less CO2 - Blood contains less O2 blood contains more O2 NB: Points must correlate to score
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Causes of non-infectious diseases
- - atomic fallouts/radiation/explosion
- - chemical fallout/pollution
- - brain damage
- - heredity/congenital
- - dietary imbalance
- - hormonal/endocrine accident
- - physiological/failure of tissues of the body
- - life style/drug addiction
- - old age