1.    Name two emergency conditions that can cause damage to

   the human skin.                                                                                          [2 marks]                                      
 
   (b)    State three   symptoms each of the following skin diseases              

1.    ringworm;                                                 

      (ii)     athlete’s foot
        (iii)     smallpox                                                                                         [9 marks ]

       (c)  State two functions each of the underlisted secretions in digestion      
              (i)     bile;
             (ii)     saliva;
            (iii)     gastric juice                                                                                        [6 marks]

       (d)    Name three pieces of equipment used in screening auditory defects
                in humans                                                                                                    [3 marks]

]

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was poor.  In part (a) candidates correctly named emergency conditions that can cause damage to the skin.  In part (b) candidates could not correctly state symptoms of ringworm, athlete’s foot and smallpox, majority of the candidates wrote wrong answers such as loss of appetite, inability to work and swelling of the affected part as symptoms of ringworm.  In part (c) candidates could not correctly state functions of the following secretions in digestion; bile, saliva and gastric juice.  In part (d) candidates could not also name pieces of equipment used in screening auditory defects in humans they wrongly mentioned thermometer, x – rays, gama rays and ultra sound equipment .
        
           However, the expected answers are as follows:

1(a)  Emergency Conditions that can cause damage to the human skin

         -  scald/hot water or oil
         -  burns/fire/dry heat
         -  cuts/wounds/bruises
         -  chemicals/acid
         -   frostbite
         -   heat stroke/excessive exposure to the sun

                                            
 (b)     Symptoms of skin diseases

•   Ringworm
•  round red spots/ring spots
• scaly patches /flakes with raised edges
• hair falling off
• itching occurs in the infected parts

           (ii)     Athlete’s foot

• cracks on the infected parts
• peeling off of skin between the toes/red sores between the toes
• pain in the infected parts
• itching  is very rampant
• victim is incapacitated
• offensive odour from sore

         (iii)       Smallpox

• sudden onset of headache/head pain
• high temperature/fever
• rashes on the body
• blisters break open
• pus/discharge contain germs

(c)      Functions of the digestive secretions

           (i)    Function of bile

• emulsifies fats
• provides alkaline medium for enzyme actions                          

•  Functions of saliva

-    lubrication of food/facilitates sawllowing
 -   production of enzyme/e.g ptyalin
-    softens dissolves the food
                 

•  Function of gastric juice

-    contains hydrochloric acid/ provide acidic medium/kills bacteria
 -   contains proteins digestive enzymes/rennin/pepsin
 -   contains water required for enzymes action
-    stops the action of ptyalin
                 

•   Pieces of equipment used in screening auditory defects in humans

• tuning fork
• audiometer
• guitar strings/drum
• wrist watch