This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was fair. In part (a)(i) candidates could not correctly define pathogen and in (a)(ii) candidates correctly copied and completed the table provided. In part (b) candidates could not state advantages of exercise although, only few of them missed the track. In part (c) candidates could not also state reasons why an individual should rest. They also took rest to mean sleep.
The expected answers are as follows:
4 (a)(i) Pathogen
Pathogen is an organism that cause disease in a person/other living organism
Vector |
One pathogen carried |
One disease caused |
One method of control |
Houseflies |
Bacteria/named |
Dysentery/cholera |
1) Prevent flies from
reaching food
2) Prevent flies from
faeces
3) tight fitting lids on
wastes bins
4) empty waste bins
regularly
5) cover food.
6) boil/purify drinking
water
7) isolation of victim
8) Mass vaccination |
Tsetse flies |
Protozoan/trypanosomes |
Sleeping sickness /trypanosomiasis |
- clear bush around dwellings
- spray bush with insecticides
- inoculate all cattle/live stocks
|
Flea |
bacteria |
Plague |
- regular washing of body and clothing
- keep rats out of the house
- regular sweeping/ scrubbing of the floor
- spray pet animals with insecticides
|
Black flies |
Onchocerca /microfilaria |
River blindness onchocerciasis |
- spray to eradicate black flies
- Prevent bites from black flies.
|
(b) Advantages of exercise
- strengthens the muscles/bones/good muscle tone
- strengthens the heart/improves blood circulation
- ventilates the hungs
- release tension/stress and promotes well-being/good health
- stimulates growth
- improves posture/appearance
- reduces obesity/excess fats
- improves mental alertness
- reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases/blood pressure
- improves quality of sleep
(c) Reasons for rest
- to relax the muscle
- prevent tension/stress/boredom/fatigue/high blood pressure
- regain energy/strength
- feel refreshed
- aid healing process.
|
