Observation

This question was attempted by a few candidates and their performance was poor as many could not describe the formation of zeugen and coastal cliff. A description of the formation of zeugen goes thus:
-           formed in desert or semi-arid regions
-           formed by the action of winds
-           could be initiated by weathering in desert regions
-           formed when alternate layers of hard and soft rocks lie horizontally
-           physical weathering opens cracks and joints in the rocks
-           the joints and cracks may lie parallel to the prevailing winds
-           mechanical weathering may open up the parallel joints to expose the weaker rocks underneath
-           wind abrasion may set in to erode the weaker underlying rocks more rapidly than the resistant rocks
-           further wind erosion may widen and deepen the joints into narrow furrows
-           ridge and furrow landscape is formed
-           the capped resistant rock layer produces a tabular ridge known as zeugen

Coastal cliff’s formation is described thus:
-           formed along coastal areas
-           wind is on-shore and wave is strong
-           beach characterized by rocks of uneven resistance to wave erosion
-           either hydraulic action, abrasion or solution   of wave attack the coaster rocks
-           or combine action of hydraulic action, abrasion and solution may attack the rocks
-           coastal erosion develops a notch in the rocks
-           further erosion widens the notch
-           notch widens and deepens to become a cave
-           wave action enters the cave and cause further erosion at the top of the cave
-           gravity forces the weak top of the cave to collapse
-           strong tidal waves removes debris into the sea
-           a vertical wall overlooking the sea is created, this is called coastal cliff