Observation

This is also a question on phonology and candidates were required to explain affricates in (3a) and voice sound with three examples each in (3b). The following explanations are expected to be enumerated:

1.   Xan atishawa:

   Sauti ne wanda yake samuwa a lokacin da mafurta suka toshe mafitar iska na xan wani lokaci, sannan su yi mata wata ’yar matsattsiyar qofa, ta fice da sauri kamar ana yin atishawa. Misalin ’yan atishawa su ne:

   • /c/
   • /j/
2. Sauti mai ziza:

   Sauti ne da yake wanzuwa a lokacin da iskar furuci ta samu tantanin maqwallato a matse ta yadda sai ta yi amfani da qarfi sannan ta fita. A lokacin fitarta, za ta haddasa karkarwar wannan tantani. Wannan karkarwar ita ake kira ziza, kuma sautin da aka furta ta wannan yanayi, ana kiransa sauti mai ziza ko xan ziza.

   Misali:

               /b/                    /j/                     /r/
               /v/                   /z/                      /r/
               /d/                   /m/                    /n/
               /x/                   /l/
               /g/                   /n/                                

   Candidates’ performance in this question was not impressive.