Question 3
(a) Mention four protein yielding fish feed ingredients that could be obtained from each of the following sources:
(i) plants;
(ii) animals. [8 marks]
(b) Give three reasons for including protein yielding feed ingredients in a fish feed.
[3 marks]
(c) Give four equipment used for feeding fish. [4marks]
(d) State five advantages of using earthen pond for rearing fish. [5 marks]
Observation
This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was good. In Question 3(a) many candidates wrote grain instead of the feed ingredients. In Question 3(b) candidates were giving impacts of protein-rich diets on humans instead of fish feed as required. Questions 3(c) and 3(d), many candidates provided vague answers.
The expected answers are as follows:
(a) (i) Protein yielding feed ingredients from plant sources
- Soya bean meal / soya cake
- Coconut/copra cake
- Palm kernel cake
- Groundnut cake
- Brewer’s dried yeast
- Cotton seed cake
- Cowpea seed meal
- Sunflower meal
- Sesame cake
(ii) Protein yielding feed ingredients from animal sources
- Fish meal
- Meat meal / animal entrails
- Chicken offal meal
- Maggot meal
- Blood meal
- Feather meal
- Grasshopper meal / locust
- Termite meal
(b) Reasons for including protein yielding feed ingredient in fish feed
- It enhances the growth of fish
- Provision of amino acids
- Replaces worn out tissues
- Enhances metabolic activities
- Improves immunity / resistance to disease
(c) Equipment used for feeding fish
- Automatic feeder/ feed spreader
- Feed tray
- Feed hopper/ feed trough
- Feed blower (automatic)
- Demand feeder
(d) Advantages of using earthen pond for rearing fish
- it is similar to the natural habitat of the fish
- it has bacterial and micro-organisms that break down organic matter and waste/ supports different kinds of fish
- natural food / primary producers is higher than other facilities
- produces wider range of fish natural food
- suitable for extensive and semi-intensive systems
- requires minimal inputs/ cheap to maintain
- makes possible the alternate use of waste land