Observation

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was good. In Question 6(b) candidates could not differentiate between capture fisheries and culture fisheries.

The expected answers are as follows: 

(a)        Disadvantages of overstocking a fish pond
                       
-           Competition for food/ low feeding
-           Stunted growth
-           Susceptibility to infection
-           Ease / likelihood of disease outbreak
-           Cannibalism
-           Increase demand for oxygen/ low dissolved oxygen
-           Increase faecal waste / pollution/ pollution of water
-           Eventual death of fish

(b)        Explanation of terms

            (i)         Capture fisheries

This refers to all the processes involved in getting fish / harvesting fish/ removing fish from their natural environment for consumption, for sale or any other purpose.

                       
(ii)        Culture fisheries

It refers to all the processes involved in rearing / raising fishery organisms in an enclosed environment for consumption, sale or any other purpose.
                                                                                                                       

(c)        Materials required for capture fisheries

-           Hooks
-           Harpoons/ spear/stupefying devices
-           Traps/ grappling
-           Cast nets
-           Gill nets
-           Seine nets
-           Drag nets

(d)       Benefits derived from fisheries in Nigeria
-           Income generation
-           Aesthetic value/ beautification
-           Raw materials for industrial uses
-           Employment generation/ job opportunities
-           Provision of food e.g. protein
-           Source of foreign exchange
-           Promote health/ pharmaceutical/ medicinal purpose
-           Promote local and international trade
-           Recreation/ sports e.g. angling
-           Tourism
-           Research

(e)        Challenges to aquaculture development

            -           Inadequate land / land tenure
-           Poor implementation of aquaculture development policies
-           Inadequate extension services / inadequate information
-           High cost of fish feed
-           Poor quality of fish seeds
-           Poor marketing structure
-           Competition with imported frozen fish
-           Inadequate skilled manpower
-           Inadequate capital/ credit facilities
-           Poor infrastructure development
-           Low technical know-how