Observation

This question was unpopular and was also avoided by some of the candidates. The few ones who attempted it did not perform well; they failed to provide correct answers to the questions. The candidates were expected to provide the following answers in order to score good marks.

1. Kharaji – Tax on farm produce/agricultural products.
2. Jangali – Tax on livestock/cows.
3. Jizyah– Tax levied on slaves and strangers.
4. Zakat – Tax on property to help the poor.
5. Tributes from the subjects/district and villages heads.
6. Fines.

1. They were the political and religious heads of the Emirates..
2. They appointed officials to assist in administration e.g Waziri, Dogari,Galadima, Madawaki etc..
3. They performed judicial functions.
4. They performed legislative functions/ law making
5. He ensured that taxes were collected.
6. They ensured there was law and order in the Emirates.
7. They made laws not covered by the Sharia but not contrary to it.
8. They organized the people for communal work.
9. They allocated farmlands to the people for farming and grazing purposes.
10. They performed military functions, i.e. declaration of war/Defense of the Emirate.
11. They performed religious function.
12. They performed ceremonial functions such as conferment of honorary titles. .
13. Deposition of district and village heads.
14. They provided social services e.g. path.