Observation

 

 

This question was attempted by majority of the candidates and their performance was fair. In part (a) (i) many candidates were unable to correctly list rules guiding the pole vault event in athletics. In part (a) (ii) majority of the candidates could correctly state phases of a pole vault event in athletics. In part (a)(iii) they did well in it. In part (a)(iv) few candidates could correctly state safety precautions that must be observed during a javelin competition.  In part (b) majority of the candidates correctly mentioned events in athletics that require the use of measuring tape. In part (c) many candidates could not correctly state reasons why it is desirable to warm-up before an athletic event. In part (d) they did well in it.
However, the expected answers are as follows:
a(i)      Rules guiding pole vault event in athletics

• a competitor is allowed to start jumping from any height
• a competitor is out of the competition when the competitor records three failed attempts at a particular height
• a competitor is allowed only three attempts at each height
• failure is recorded if a jumper dislodges the bar either directly/indirectly
• it is a failed attempt if the jumper touches the landing area without first clearing the bar
• valid jump is cancelled if a competitor walks back under the crossbar after clearance     

            (ii)       Phases of the pole vault event in athletics
Preparatory phase (the grip, carriage, run-up/approach run and planting)

 Execution phase (the take-off, pull-up/swing up, the clearance and push-off)

 Finishing phase (the landing and recovery)                                     

            (iii)      Equipment needed during the pole vault event in athletics

• the uprights
• crossbar
• landing foam
• vaulting pole
• trough
• pole (for placing the crossbar)
• foam mat                          

     
(iv)      Safety precautions that must be observed during a javelin competition

• warm-up before event
• at the end of a throw, javelin must be carried back to the runway/not thrown back
• officials and competitors must be alert at all times
• athletes and officials must not stay around the landing area
• skills must mastered before competition
• javelin must be thrown in only a designated direction
• runway must not be obstructed
• officials should allow the missile to land before approaching to measure distance covered

     
(b)       Events in athletics that require the use of measuring tape

• long jump
• triple jump
• hammer throw
• javelin
• discus
• shot put                                                                

     
(c)       Reasons for warm-up before an athletic events

• prepare the mind in readiness for efficient performance
• raises temperature of muscles/body
• muscles are toned up
• increases blood supply t active muscles
• improves tidal breathing/promotes endurance
• helps to prevent injuries during performance/named
• it arouses interest
• promotes flexibility of the joints
• delays on set of fatigue    

            (d)       Duty of umpires in an athletics meet
they:

• watches the competitors and report any violation of rules to the referee

watches for violation of rules during relay races at the take-over point