Observation

Above is a question from the book Kowa Ya Sha Kiɗa (Oral poetry). Candidates were required to explain any two of the above themes of oral singers.
Thus:
          i.        Zuga
Wata dabara ce da makaɗan fada ke daɗaɗa wa iyayen gijinsu, inda za su koɗa su, su riƙa kai su matsayin da ba su kai ba. Sukan ce sarkinsu ya fi kowane sarki a ƙasashen Hausa, wani lokaci ma a duniya baki ɗaya. Misali, Narambaɗa ya zuga sarkin Gobir na Isa, Kamar haka:
                   “Ai dagga Kaduna har Gusau ƙarewar Hausa,
                   Yau kowane shawara ta zamani Turawa,
                   Ahmadu ba a yin ta sai ya sa hannunai
                   Don ko ƙoƙari garai da sanin hujjoji.”
      ii.       Habaici:
Habaici shi ne yi da mutum a fakaice, ko kuma magana ce ta harbin iska wadda idan aka yi ta, wanda aka yi da shi zai gane cewa shi ake yi wa. Dabara ce wadda makaɗan fada ke yi wa abokan hamayyarsu gugar zana ta hanyar mayar da su raggaye ko kuma su kwatanta iyayen gidansu da dabbobi masu ƙarfi, sannan su mayar da abokan hamayyarsu ƙananan dabbobi matsorata. Misali a nan, shi ne waƙar Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwaro, wadda ya yi wa abokan hamayyar Sardauna, inda ya ce:
                   “Ga kare ga kura, kowane ya hangi wani,
                   Ga aura ya koma wagga nan hanya ban ga wurin wali ba.”
Haka kuma, Narambaɗa ya yi wa abokan hamayyar uban gidansa inda ya ce:
                   “A yini ruwa a kwan ruwa kwaɗɗo sai lela
Burgu na cikin rima wahala ta kam mai.”

iii.       Zambo                                                                                                                    Dabara ce da makaɗan fada ke yi wa ‘ya’yan sarki gugar zana kai tsaye
yadda su ma za sugane cewa da su ake. A irin wannan, sukan lalata ‘ya’yan sarki su mai da su ba wani abu ba. Misali, Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwaro ya yi wa wani ɗan sarki zambo inda ya ce:
Ko kun san zamanin ga ya canza,                                                                            Ga wani dan sarki da kandaye,                                                                           Ya shaho hoda kamar Delu.
Haka ma, Sarkin Taushin Katsina ya yi wa wani ɗan sarki da ya nemi sarauta bai samu ba zambo , inda ya ce:
Ga wani ya suma an zuba masa masakin ruwa
Yana lemewa. Wane tashi ba a zuwa lahira
In da sauran kwana.